Women Film Pioneers Project

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accountants

Bessie Barriscale

Laura Bayley

Aili Kari

Gladys Rosson

Florence Turner

acting teachers

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Katharine Kavanaugh

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Vera McCord

Nina Niovilla

Elvira Notari

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Emilia Saleny

Stefanía Socha

actresses

Maude Adams

Muriel Alleyne

Tsuru Aoki

Teresita Arce

Leah Baird

Dorothea Baird

Hettie Gray Baker

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Bessie Barriscale

Laura Bayley

Gemma Bellincioni

Ouida Bergère

Sarah Bernhardt

Francesca Bertini

Marian Constance Blackton

Paula Blackton

Cube Bonifant

Madeline Brandeis

Constance Bromley

Betty Burbridge

Bianca Virginia Camagni

Carmen Cartellieri

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Thea Červenková

Elsa Chauvel

Haydée Chikly

May Clark

Elsie Cohen

Helena Cortesina

Grace Cunard

Berthe Dagmar

Beatrice deMille

Mimí Derba

Dorothea Donn-Byrne

Maria C. Downs

Marie Dressler

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Gerd Egede-Nissen

Ada Egede-Nissen

Aud Egede-Nissen

Nell Emerald

Fabienne Fabrèges

Marion Fairfax

Fan Xuepeng

Dot Farley

Dorothy Farnum

Flora Finch

Cissy Fitzgerald

Helen Gardner

Gene Gauntier

Agnes Gavin

Angela Murray Gibson

Lillian Gish

Dorothy Gordon

Ethel Grandin

Corinne Griffith

Elizabeth B. Grimball

Texas Guinan

Máirín Hayes

Lydia Hayward

Gale Henry

Margaret Hepworth

Anna Hofman-Uddgren

Helen Holmes

Kate Howarde

Alice Howell

Hu Ping

Pearl Ing

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Ida Jenbach

Osa Johnson

Diana Karenne

Aili Kari

Katharine Kavanaugh

Helen Keller

Annette Kellerman

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Florence Lawrence

Marion Leonard

Ray Lewis

Anita Loos

Enid Lorimer

Hope Loring

Louise Lovely

Josephine Lovett

Lottie Lyell

Mary MacLane

Jeanie Macpherson

Cleo Madison

Mary Manning

Frances Marion

Suzanne Marwille

Margaret Mayo

Vera McCord

Isabel McDonagh

Elizabeth McGaffey

Jackeydawra Melford

Georgette Méliès

Christiane Mendelys

Bess Meredyth

Beatriz Michelena

Dorothea Mitchell

Mary Murillo

Mae Murray

Musidora

Bedia Muvahhit

Alla Nazimova

Neyyire Neyir

Asta Nielsen

Eva Nil

Nina Niovilla

Mabel Normand

Elvira Notari

Harriet Parsons

Olga Petrova

Mary Pickford

Rosa Porten

Pu Shunqing

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Natacha Rambova

Josephine Rector

Dorothy Davenport Reid

Lotte Reiniger

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Marguerite Renoir

Alma Reville

Eslanda Robeson

Rosario Rodríguez de la Serna

Alice B. Russell

Emilia Saleny

Emilie Sannom

Carmen Santos

Adela Sequeyro

Nell Shipman

Stella F. Simon

Adriënne Solser

Anita Stewart

Ruth Stonehouse

Gloria Swanson

Daisy Sylvan

Constance Talmadge

Norma Talmadge

Kinuyo Tanaka

Eliane Tayar

Alice Terry

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Elizaveta Thiemann

Fay Tincher

Florence Turner

Madge Tyrone

Harriette Underhill

Eve Unsell

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

Valda Valkyrien

Caroline van Dommelen

Cleo de Verberena

Thea von Harbou

Helen Wang

Lule Warrenton

Lois Weber

Pearl White

Maria P. Williams

Kathlyn Williams

Elsie Jane Wilson

Margery Wilson

Marion E. Wong

Xie Caizhen

Yan Shanshan

Yang Naimei

Clara Kimball Young

adapters

Clara Beranger

Ouida Bergère

Marguerite Bertsch

Beulah Marie Dix

Dorothea Donn-Byrne

Winnifred Eaton

Dorothy Farnum

Elinor Glyn

María Luz Morales Godoy

Ruth Goetz

Lydia Hayward

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Ida Jenbach

Agnes Christine Johnston

Sonya Levien

Josephine Lovett

Blanche MacIntosh

Mary Manning

Frances Marion

Sarah Y. Mason

June Mathis

Margaret Mayo

Vera McCord

Bess Meredyth

Lorna Moon

Mary Murillo

Elvira Notari

Olga Printzlau

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Lillian Case Russell

Wanda Tuchock

Margaret Turnbull

Eve Unsell

Thea von Harbou

Dorothy Yost

agents

Mabel Condon

Beatrice deMille

Eslanda Robeson

Fanchon Royer

Yan Shanshan

amateur camera operators

Laura Bayley

amateur filmmaker

Marvin Breckinridge

Dorothea Mitchell

amateur filmmaking club co-founder

Mary Manning

Dorothea Mitchell

animal trainers

Helen Holmes

Jane Murfin

film animators

Valentina Brumberg

Zinaida Brumberg

Helena Smith Dayton

Lotte Reiniger

anthropologist

Kathleen Romoli

archivist

Elizaveta Svilova

art critic

Stefania Zahorska

art directors

Isabel Acuña

Dorothy Gordon

Lottie Lyell

Phyllis McDonagh

Alla Nazimova

Natacha Rambova

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

art historian

Stefania Zahorska

artistic consultants

Marguerite Viel

artistic council member

Valentina Brumberg

Zinaida Brumberg

arts magazine editor

Mary Manning

assistant

May Watkis

assistant directors

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Elsa Chauvel

Berthe Dagmar

Gurly Drangsholt

Sabahat Filmer

Alice Guy Blaché

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Jane Loring

Mary Manning

Pu Shunqing

Lotte Reiniger

Alma Reville

Juliet Barrett Rublee

Tazuko Sakane

Elizaveta Svilova

Eliane Tayar

assistant managers

Maria P. Williams

assistant producers

Elsa Chauvel

assistant sales managers

Marguerite Viel

assistant stage managers

Máirín Hayes

booking clerks

Mona Donaldson

business co-founder

Anita Maris Boggs

business co-owners

Enid Lorimer

Ada Aline Urban

Yan Shanshan

business owners

Mabel Condon

Maria C. Downs

business partners

Anita Maris Boggs

May Clark

Marie de Kerstrat

Margaret Hepworth

Enid Lorimer

Isabel McDonagh

Phyllis McDonagh

Paulette McDonagh

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Señora Spencer

Ada Aline Urban

Yan Shanshan

camera operators

Laura Bayley

Marvin Breckinridge

May Clark

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Georgette Méliès

Dorothea Mitchell

Audrey Forfar Shippam

camerawoman

Angela Murray Gibson

carpenters

May Clark

casting directors

Isabel Acuña

Annette Kellerman

Leila Lewis

Louise Lovely

catalog editor

Ruth Gould Dolesé

celebrity interviewers

Gladys Hall

Harriette Underhill

censors

Hettie Gray Baker

Mona Donaldson

Adriana Ehlers

Marie Louise Gagner

Fernanda Nissen

May Watkis

censorship representatives

Hettie Gray Baker

chief accountants

Aili Kari

chief scenario editors

Marguerite Bertsch

Beta Breuil

Louella Parsons

chief scenario writers

Josephine Rector

chorus girls

Dorothy Gordon

Mae Murray

ciné-club co-founder

Lucie Derain

cinema owner

Maria C. Downs

Sabahat Filmer

Alice Rosenthal

cinema proprietors

Adelina Barrasa

Renée Deliot

Maria C. Downs

Sabahat Filmer

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Señora Spencer

cinematographers

Maude Adams

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Jessica Elvira Borthwick

Marvin Breckinridge

May Clark

Angela Murray Gibson

Jenny Gilbertson

Osa Johnson

Nancy Naumburg

Lotte Reiniger

Henderina Victoria Scott

Stella F. Simon

clerk

May Watkis

co-directors

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Marguerite Bertsch

Zinaida Brumberg

Valentina Brumberg

Mrs. George Randolph Chester

Grace Cunard

Berthe Dagmar

Mimí Derba

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Esther Eng

Frances Flaherty

Gene Gauntier

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Alice Guy Blaché

Kate Howarde

Julia Crawford Ivers

Annette Kellerman

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Cleo Madison

Frances Marion

Bess Meredyth

Jane Murfin

Musidora

Nancy Naumburg

Mabel Normand

Elvira Notari

Ida May Park

Rosa Porten

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Lotte Reiniger

Nell Shipman

Adriënne Solser

Elizaveta Svilova

Eliane Tayar

Alice Terry

Wanda Tuchock

Caroline van Dommelen

Marguerite Viel

Helen Wang

co-editors

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Frances Flaherty

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

co-producers

May Clark

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Alice Guy Blaché

Helen Holmes

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Anita Loos

Cleo Madison

Jane Murfin

Musidora

co-screenwriters

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Muriel Alleyne

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Carmen Cartellieri

Elsa Chauvel

Mrs. George Randolph Chester

Sada Cowan

Beatrice deMille

Gurly Drangsholt

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Sabahat Filmer

Frances Flaherty

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Ruth Goetz

Dorothy Gordon

Alice Guy Blaché

Anna Hofman-Uddgren

Kate Howarde

Julia Crawford Ivers

Agnes Christine Johnston

Annette Kellerman

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Sonya Levien

Anita Loos

Enid Lorimer

Louise Lovely

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Cleo Madison

Sarah Y. Mason

June Mathis

Bess Meredyth

Nancy Naumburg

Olga Petrova

Natacha Rambova

Katri Viita

Anzia Yezierska

co-writers

Mrs. George Randolph Chester

comediennes

Marie Dressler

Flora Finch

Alice Howell

Bess Meredyth

Mabel Normand

Adriënne Solser

Fay Tincher

company co-directors

Nell Emerald

Gene Gauntier

Ellen O’Mara Sullivan

Ada Aline Urban

company directors

Elsie Cohen

Mabel Condon

Nell Emerald

Marion Fairfax

Gene Gauntier

Corinne Griffith

Texas Guinan

Antonina Khanzhonkova

Beatriz Michelena

Ellen O’Mara Sullivan

Mary Pickford

Anita Stewart

Eve Unsell

Ada Aline Urban

Marion E. Wong

company executives

May Clark

composers

Corinne Griffith

Alice Smythe Jay

Christiane Mendelys

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Anita Stewart

conductor

Greta Håkansson

consultants

Valentina Brumberg

Zinaida Brumberg

Elinor Glyn

Marie Stopes

Marguerite Viel

continuities

Betty Burbridge

Elsa Chauvel

Sada Cowan

Sonya Levien

Sarah Y. Mason

Bess Meredyth

Alma Reville

Rose Smith

Eve Unsell

continuity girls

Lenore Coffee

costume designers

Isabel Acuña

Paula Blackton

Elsa Chauvel

May Clark

Lucy Duff-Gordon

Annette Kellerman

Ray Lewis

Alla Nazimova

Natacha Rambova

Florence Turner

Clare West

Marion E. Wong

Yang Naimei

critics

Audrie Alspaugh

Iris Barry

Cube Bonifant

Thea Červenková

Elsie Cohen

Mabel Condon

Virginia Dale

Lucie Derain

María Luz Morales Godoy

Dorothy Gottlieb

Genevieve Harris

Kate Howarde

Hu Ping

Caroline Lejeune

Ray Lewis

Leila Lewis

Hope Loring

Mary Manning

Cathleen McCarthy

Christiane Mendelys

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Fernanda Nissen

Frances Peck

Fanchon Royer

Matilde Serao

Eliane Tayar

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

Harriette Underhill

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Stefania Zahorska

dancer

Cissy Fitzgerald

Ray Lewis

dialogue director

Elsa Chauvel

dialogue writers

Marguerite Viel

directing teacher

Aleksandra Khokhlova

directors

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Alicia Armstrong de Vicuña

Dorothy Arzner

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Gemma Bellincioni

Sarah Bernhardt

Francesca Bertini

Marguerite Bertsch

Paula Blackton

Madeline Brandeis

Marvin Breckinridge

Beta Breuil

Valentina Brumberg

Zinaida Brumberg

Bianca Virginia Camagni

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Thea Červenková

Elsa Chauvel

Mrs. George Randolph Chester

Helena Cortesina

Grace Cunard

Berthe Dagmar

Helena Smith Dayton

Lucie Derain

Mimí Derba

Gurly Drangsholt

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Lillian Ducey

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Esther Eng

Fabienne Fabrèges

Marion Fairfax

Dot Farley

Sabahat Filmer

Frances Flaherty

Helen Gardner

Gene Gauntier

Elvira Giallanella

Angela Murray Gibson

Jenny Gilbertson

Lillian Gish

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Elinor Glyn

Elizabeth B. Grimball

Alice Guy Blaché

Anna Hofman-Uddgren

Helen Holmes

Kate Howarde

Zora Neale Hurston

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Julia Crawford Ivers

Ida Jenbach

Osa Johnson

Diana Karenne

Katharine Kavanaugh

Annette Kellerman

Antonina Khanzhonkova

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Jane Loring

Louise Lovely

Lottie Lyell

Jeanie Macpherson

Cleo Madison

Mary Manning

Frances Marion

June Mathis

Vera McCord

Paulette McDonagh

Abby Meehan

Jackeydawra Melford

Bess Meredyth

Dorothea Mitchell

Jane Murfin

Musidora

Nancy Naumburg

Alla Nazimova

Nina Niovilla

Mabel Normand

Elvira Notari

Ruth Bryan Owen

Ida May Park

Harriet Parsons

Elizabeth Chevalier Pickett

Rosa Porten

Pu Shunqing

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Dorothy Davenport Reid

Lotte Reiniger

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Alma Reville

Rosario Rodríguez de la Serna

Juliet Barrett Rublee

Tazuko Sakane

Emilia Saleny

Carmen Santos

Adela Sequeyro

Nell Shipman

Esfir Shub

Stella F. Simon

Adriënne Solser

Tressie Souders

Ruth Stonehouse

Elizaveta Svilova

Daisy Sylvan

Kinuyo Tanaka

Eliane Tayar

Alice Terry

Elizaveta Thiemann

Fay Tincher

Carmen Toscano

Wanda Tuchock

Florence Turner

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

Caroline van Dommelen

Cleo de Verberena

Marguerite Viel

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Thea von Harbou

Helen Wang

Lule Warrenton

Lois Weber

Kathlyn Williams

Elsie Jane Wilson

Margery Wilson

Marion E. Wong

Xie Caizhen

distribution company founder

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

Edna Williams

Margaret J. Winkler

distribution company managing director

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

distribution company owner

Edna Williams

Margaret J. Winkler

distributors

Anita Maris Boggs

Elsie Cohen

Renée Deliot

Esther Eng

Sabahat Filmer

Elvira Giallanella

Antonina Khanzhonkova

Ray Lewis

Elvira Notari

Ellen O’Mara Sullivan

Mary Pickford

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

Adriënne Solser

Helen Wang

Edna Williams

Maria P. Williams

Margaret J. Winkler

documentary makers

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Thea Červenková

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Jenny Gilbertson

Paulette McDonagh

Elizabeth Chevalier Pickett

Esfir Shub

Eliane Tayar

Carmen Toscano

Wanda Tuchock

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

dramaturges

Ida Jenbach

dressmakers

Dorothy Gordon

dubbing manager

Sabahat Filmer

editors

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Dorothy Arzner

Hettie Gray Baker

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Anne Bauchens

Ouida Bergère

Marguerite Bertsch

Margaret Booth

Madeline Brandeis

Marvin Breckinridge

Beta Breuil

Zinaida Brumberg

Valentina Brumberg

Virgínia de Castro e Almeida

Mrs. George Randolph Chester

Haydée Chikly

Kate Corbaley

Lucie Derain

Mona Donaldson

Winifred Dunn

Winnifred Eaton

Marion Fairfax

Frances Flaherty

Jenny Gilbertson

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Máirín Hayes

Lydia Hayward

Katharine Hilliker

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Julia Crawford Ivers

Katharine Kavanaugh

Viola Lawrence

Sonya Levien

Jane Loring

Louise Lovely

Lottie Lyell

Frederica Sagor Maas

June Mathis

Bess Meredyth

Dorothea Mitchell

Irene Morra

Alla Nazimova

Mary O’Connor

Ida May Park

Louella Parsons

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Josephine Rector

Marguerite Renoir

Alma Reville

Tazuko Sakane

Blanche Sewell

Nell Shipman

Esfir Shub

Rose Smith

Elizaveta Svilova

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Carmen Toscano

Madge Tyrone

Eve Unsell

Helen Wang

Helen Wiggins

Esterina Zuccarone

editorial directors

Marion Fairfax

educators

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Katharine Kavanaugh

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Vera McCord

Nina Niovilla

Elvira Notari

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Emilia Saleny

Stefanía Socha

entrepreneur

Teresita Arce

Helena Cortesina

Beatrice deMille

Maria C. Downs

Elizabeth B. Grimball

Kate Howarde

Alice Smythe Jay

Enid Lorimer

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Lule Warrenton

equipment sales

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

ethnographic filmmakers

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Zora Neale Hurston

Osa Johnson

Kathleen Romoli

executives

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

executive producers

June Mathis

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

executive secretaries

Gladys Rosson

exhibitors

Adelina Barrasa

Josephine Clement

Elsie Cohen

Marie de Kerstrat

Maria C. Downs

Anna Hofman-Uddgren

Flossie A. Jones

Ray Lewis

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Señora Spencer

experimental cinematographers

Maude Adams

Henderina Victoria Scott

Stella F. Simon

extras

Leah Baird

Cube Bonifant

Elinor Glyn

Dorothy Gordon

Diana Karenne

Hope Loring

Bess Meredyth

Fanchon Royer

Eliane Tayar

Alice Terry

family business partners

May Clark

Marie de Kerstrat

Margaret Hepworth

Isabel McDonagh

Phyllis McDonagh

Paulette McDonagh

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Señora Spencer

family film business partners

May Clark

Isabel McDonagh

Phyllis McDonagh

Paulette McDonagh

Caroline Frances Pugliese

fan magazine editors

Gladys Hall

fan magazine writers

Gladys Hall

film accompanists

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Hazel Burnett

Greta Håkansson

Alice Smythe Jay

film actresses

Muriel Alleyne

Tsuru Aoki

Teresita Arce

Leah Baird

Dorothea Baird

Hettie Gray Baker

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Bessie Barriscale

Laura Bayley

Gemma Bellincioni

Ouida Bergère

Sarah Bernhardt

Francesca Bertini

Marian Constance Blackton

Paula Blackton

Cube Bonifant

Madeline Brandeis

Betty Burbridge

Bianca Virginia Camagni

Carmen Cartellieri

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Thea Červenková

Elsa Chauvel

Haydée Chikly

May Clark

Elsie Cohen

Helena Cortesina

Grace Cunard

Berthe Dagmar

Mimí Derba

Maria C. Downs

Marie Dressler

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Gerd Egede-Nissen

Ada Egede-Nissen

Aud Egede-Nissen

Nell Emerald

Fabienne Fabrèges

Fan Xuepeng

Dot Farley

Dorothy Farnum

Flora Finch

Cissy Fitzgerald

Helen Gardner

Gene Gauntier

Agnes Gavin

Angela Murray Gibson

Lillian Gish

Dorothy Gordon

Ethel Grandin

Corinne Griffith

Texas Guinan

Máirín Hayes

Lydia Hayward

Gale Henry

Margaret Hepworth

Anna Hofman-Uddgren

Helen Holmes

Kate Howarde

Alice Howell

Hu Ping

Pearl Ing

Osa Johnson

Diana Karenne

Aili Kari

Helen Keller

Annette Kellerman

Aleksandra Khokhlova

Florence Lawrence

Marion Leonard

Anita Loos

Hope Loring

Louise Lovely

Josephine Lovett

Lottie Lyell

Mary MacLane

Jeanie Macpherson

Cleo Madison

Mary Manning

Frances Marion

Suzanne Marwille

Margaret Mayo

Vera McCord

Isabel McDonagh

Jackeydawra Melford

Georgette Méliès

Christiane Mendelys

Bess Meredyth

Beatriz Michelena

Dorothea Mitchell

Mae Murray

Musidora

Bedia Muvahhit

Alla Nazimova

Neyyire Neyir

Asta Nielsen

Eva Nil

Nina Niovilla

Mabel Normand

Elvira Notari

Harriet Parsons

Olga Petrova

Mary Pickford

Rosa Porten

Pu Shunqing

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Natacha Rambova

Josephine Rector

Dorothy Davenport Reid

Lotte Reiniger

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Marguerite Renoir

Alma Reville

Eslanda Robeson

Rosario Rodríguez de la Serna

Alice B. Russell

Emilia Saleny

Emilie Sannom

Carmen Santos

Adela Sequeyro

Nell Shipman

Stella F. Simon

Adriënne Solser

Anita Stewart

Ruth Stonehouse

Gloria Swanson

Daisy Sylvan

Constance Talmadge

Norma Talmadge

Kinuyo Tanaka

Eliane Tayar

Alice Terry

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Elizaveta Thiemann

Fay Tincher

Florence Turner

Madge Tyrone

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

Valda Valkyrien

Caroline van Dommelen

Cleo de Verberena

Helen Wang

Lule Warrenton

Lois Weber

Pearl White

Maria P. Williams

Kathlyn Williams

Elsie Jane Wilson

Margery Wilson

Marion E. Wong

Xie Caizhen

Yan Shanshan

Yang Naimei

Clara Kimball Young

film censors

Mona Donaldson

Marie Louise Gagner

Fernanda Nissen

film censorship board members

Adriana Ehlers

film colorists

Haydée Chikly

Marguerite Renoir

Élisabeth Thuillier

Berthe Thuillier

film company board members

Katri Viita

film company department heads

Ruth Gould Dolesé

film company founding partners

Bessie Barriscale

Thea Červenková

Mimí Derba

Ethel Grandin

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Margaret Mayo

Ellen O’Mara Sullivan

Mary Pickford

Carmen Santos

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Cleo de Verberena

film company managing directors

Mary Murillo

film company owners

Maude Adams

Madeline Brandeis

Virgínia de Castro e Almeida

Thea Červenková

Helena Cortesina

Renée Deliot

Aud Egede-Nissen

Fan Xuepeng

Sabahat Filmer

Flora Finch

Cissy Fitzgerald

Helen Gardner

Elvira Giallanella

Angela Murray Gibson

Elinor Glyn

Alice Guy Blaché

Alice Smythe Jay

Diana Karenne

Katharine Kavanaugh

Antonina Khanzhonkova

Asta Nielsen

Eva Nil

Elvira Notari

Ellen O’Mara Sullivan

Olga Petrova

Rosario Rodríguez de la Serna

Alice Rosenthal

Adela Sequeyro

Nell Shipman

Adriënne Solser

Fay Tincher

Florence Turner

Cleo de Verberena

Lois Weber

Yang Naimei

film company shareholder

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

film company treasurer

Isabel Acuña

film company vice presidents

Isabel Acuña

film critics

Audrie Alspaugh

Iris Barry

Cube Bonifant

Thea Červenková

Elsie Cohen

Mabel Condon

Virginia Dale

Lucie Derain

María Luz Morales Godoy

Dorothy Gottlieb

Genevieve Harris

Hu Ping

Caroline Lejeune

Ray Lewis

Leila Lewis

Mary Manning

Cathleen McCarthy

Christiane Mendelys

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Frances Peck

Fanchon Royer

Matilde Serao

Eliane Tayar

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

Harriette Underhill

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Stefania Zahorska

film curator

Iris Barry

Elsie Cohen

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

film cutters

Dorothy Arzner

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Margaret Booth

Haydée Chikly

Mona Donaldson

Julia Crawford Ivers

Viola Lawrence

Jane Loring

Bess Meredyth

Irene Morra

Blanche Sewell

Helen Wiggins

film dealers

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

film historians

María Luz Morales Godoy

film laboratory workers

Helen Wiggins

film magazine editor

Neyyire Neyir

Fanchon Royer

film magazine writer

Mabel Condon

film music company owner

Alice Smythe Jay

film printing company managing director

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

film programmer

Elsie Cohen

film renters

Encarnacion Rosa Scott

film scholars

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Frances Taylor Patterson

Stefania Zahorska

film society co-founder

Lucie Derain

Mary Manning

Dorothea Mitchell

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

film society secretary

Mary Manning

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

film theorists

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Stefania Zahorska

filmmaker

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Marvin Breckinridge

Thea Červenková

Dolores Ehlers

Adriana Ehlers

Jenny Gilbertson

Zora Neale Hurston

Osa Johnson

Paulette McDonagh

Dorothea Mitchell

Elizabeth Chevalier Pickett

Kathleen Romoli

Audrey Forfar Shippam

Esfir Shub

Eliane Tayar

Carmen Toscano

Wanda Tuchock

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

forewoman

Esterina Zuccarone

gossip columnists

Louella Parsons

Frances Peck

Gertrude Price

government department heads

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

May Watkis

government official

May Watkis

guild co-founders

Adele S. Buffington

Ida Jenbach

Jane Murfin

guild shareholder

Mary O’Connor

head of productions

Gurly Drangsholt

head of studio research department

Elizabeth McGaffey

historians

María Luz Morales Godoy

Kathleen Romoli

Stefania Zahorska

illustrator

Lotte Reiniger

independent exhibitors

Marie de Kerstrat

inspector

May Watkis

international women's organizations film correspondents

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

inventor

Alice Smythe Jay

investor

Pearl Ing

Marguerite Viel

journalists

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Muriel Alleyne

Audrie Alspaugh

Natalia Bakhareva

Iris Barry

Marvin Breckinridge

Constance Bromley

Thea Červenková

Haydée Chikly

Elsie Cohen

Mabel Condon

Virginia Dale

Helena Smith Dayton

Winnifred Eaton

Emma Gendron

Elinor Glyn

María Luz Morales Godoy

Ruth Goetz

Dorothy Gottlieb

Gladys Hall

Genevieve Harris

Katharine Hilliker

Drusilla Dunjee Houston

Hu Ping

Ida Jenbach

Ray Lewis

Leila Lewis

Beulah Livingstone

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Mary Manning

Anna Mar

Cathleen McCarthy

Phyllis McDonagh

Elizabeth McGaffey

Abby Meehan

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Neyyire Neyir

Fernanda Nissen

Harriet Parsons

Louella Parsons

Frances Peck

Rosa Porten

Gertrude Price

Natacha Rambova

Ángela Ramos de Rotalde

Adela Rogers St. Johns

Fanchon Royer

Adela Sequeyro

Matilde Serao

Eliane Tayar

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

Madge Tyrone

Harriette Underhill

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

Caroline van Dommelen

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Marija Jurić Zagorka

Stefania Zahorska

laboratory workers

May Clark

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Esterina Zuccarone

lecturers

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Cora Johnstone Best

Jessica Elvira Borthwick

Ruth Gould Dolesé

Alice Guy Blaché

Osa Johnson

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Maria P. Williams

lighting technology engineers

Maude Adams

literary advisor

Winnifred Eaton

literary translators

Elizaveta Thiemann

location scout

Frances Baker Farrell

Lettice Ramsey

magazine editor

Muriel Alleyne

Mabel Condon

Gladys Hall

Genevieve Harris

Ray Lewis

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Mary Manning

Neyyire Neyir

Fanchon Royer

make-up supervisor

Isabel Acuña

Elsa Chauvel

managers

Constance Bromley

Josephine Clement

Elsie Cohen

Marie de Kerstrat

Maria C. Downs

Flossie A. Jones

Georgette Méliès

Mary O’Connor

Maria P. Williams

metalworker

Esterina Zuccarone

miscellaneous crew

Mary Manning

motion picture exhibitors

Adelina Barrasa

Josephine Clement

Marie de Kerstrat

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Señora Spencer

motion picture press agents

Beulah Livingstone

motion picture publicity department director

Dorothy Gottlieb

Beulah Livingstone

movie theatre ticket cashiers

Adele S. Buffington

music hall performers

Nell Emerald

Musidora

Florence Turner

Pearl White

musical comedy actresses

Dot Farley

Kate Howarde

Bess Meredyth

Olga Petrova

Adriënne Solser

musicians

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Muriel Alleyne

Gemma Bellincioni

Hazel Burnett

Mimí Derba

Maria C. Downs

Corinne Griffith

Greta Håkansson

Drusilla Dunjee Houston

Alice Smythe Jay

Christiane Mendelys

Beatriz Michelena

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Alice B. Russell

Anita Stewart

Edna Williams

newspaper editors

Virginia Dale

María Luz Morales Godoy

Dorothy Gottlieb

Genevieve Harris

Frances Peck

Gertrude Price

newsreel camerawoman

Angela Murray Gibson

nonfiction filmmaker

Audrey Forfar Shippam

novelists

Gertrude Atherton

Sarah Bernhardt

Bertha Muzzy Bower

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Lenore Coffee

Virginia Dale

Beulah Marie Dix

Winnifred Eaton

Elinor Glyn

Ruth Goetz

Zora Neale Hurston

Beulah Livingstone

Anita Loos

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Anna Mar

Gwladys, Marchioness of Townshend

Bess Meredyth

Lorna Moon

Elizabeth Chevalier Pickett

Rosa Porten

Adela Rogers St. Johns

Anita Stewart

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Thea von Harbou

Anzia Yezierska

Dorothy Yost

Stefania Zahorska

office managers

Aili Kari

Alice Rosenthal

opera singer

Gemma Bellincioni

Maria C. Downs

operator

May Watkis

original story writer

Betty Burbridge

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Dorothea Donn-Byrne

painters

Sarah Bernhardt

Helena Smith Dayton

pantomime

Christiane Mendelys

personal assistants

Katharine Hilliker

Zora Neale Hurston

photographers

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Jessica Elvira Borthwick

Madeline Brandeis

Marvin Breckinridge

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Frances Flaherty

Osa Johnson

Ruth Harriet Louise

Nancy Naumburg

Lettice Ramsey

Audrey Forfar Shippam

Stella F. Simon

Berthe Thuillier

play brokers

Beatrice deMille

play readers

Elizabeth McGaffey

Eve Unsell

playwrights

Natalia Bakhareva

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Thea Červenková

Lenore Coffee

Sada Cowan

Beatrice deMille

Beulah Marie Dix

Dorothea Donn-Byrne

Marion Fairfax

Emma Gendron

Elizabeth B. Grimball

Katharine Hilliker

Kate Howarde

Zora Neale Hurston

Agnes Christine Johnston

Katharine Kavanaugh

Bradley King

Ray Lewis

Anita Loos

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Mary Manning

Anna Mar

Gwladys, Marchioness of Townshend

Margaret Mayo

Lorna Moon

Jane Murfin

Nancy Naumburg

Olga Printzlau

Pu Shunqing

Natacha Rambova

Carmen Toscano

Margaret Turnbull

Caroline van Dommelen

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

poets

Ray Lewis

Adela Sequeyro

Carmen Toscano

portrait photographer

Ruth Harriet Louise

preservationists

Iris Barry

Elizaveta Svilova

Carmen Toscano

Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

producers

Isabel Acuña

Tsuru Aoki

Leah Baird

Aloha Wanderwell Baker

Natalia Bakhareva

Bessie Barriscale

Gemma Bellincioni

Sarah Bernhardt

Francesca Bertini

Madeline Brandeis

Beta Breuil

Bianca Virginia Camagni

Carmen Cartellieri

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Virgínia de Castro e Almeida

Thea Červenková

Elsa Chauvel

May Clark

Helena Cortesina

Berthe Dagmar

Helena Smith Dayton

Mimí Derba

Marie Dressler

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Aud Egede-Nissen

Adriana Ehlers

Dolores Ehlers

Nell Emerald

Esther Eng

Marion Fairfax

Fan Xuepeng

Sabahat Filmer

Flora Finch

Cissy Fitzgerald

Frances Flaherty

Helen Gardner

Gene Gauntier

Elvira Giallanella

Angela Murray Gibson

Jenny Gilbertson

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Elinor Glyn

Ethel Grandin

Corinne Griffith

Elizabeth B. Grimball

Texas Guinan

Alice Guy Blaché

Gale Henry

Helen Holmes

Kate Howarde

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Julia Crawford Ivers

Osa Johnson

Diana Karenne

Katharine Kavanaugh

Helen Keller

Antonina Khanzhonkova

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Florence Lawrence

Marion Leonard

Anita Loos

Louise Lovely

Lottie Lyell

Cleo Madison

June Mathis

Vera McCord

Phyllis McDonagh

Jackeydawra Melford

Beatriz Michelena

Dorothea Mitchell

Jane Murfin

Mae Murray

Musidora

Alla Nazimova

Asta Nielsen

Eva Nil

Nina Niovilla

Mabel Normand

Elvira Notari

Ellen O’Mara Sullivan

Ruth Bryan Owen

Harriet Parsons

Olga Petrova

Mary Pickford

Caroline Frances Pugliese

Dorothy Davenport Reid

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Rosario Rodríguez de la Serna

Alice Rosenthal

Fanchon Royer

Juliet Barrett Rublee

Alice B. Russell

Lillian Case Russell

Carmen Santos

Adela Sequeyro

Nell Shipman

Stefanía Socha

Adriënne Solser

Tressie Souders

Señora Spencer

Anita Stewart

Gloria Swanson

Daisy Sylvan

Constance Talmadge

Norma Talmadge

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Elizaveta Thiemann

Fay Tincher

Carmen Toscano

Wanda Tuchock

Florence Turner

Valda Valkyrien

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Helen Wang

Lule Warrenton

Lois Weber

Maria P. Williams

Margery Wilson

Marion E. Wong

Yang Naimei

Clara Kimball Young

production assistants

Isabel Acuña

Elsa Chauvel

Dorothy Gordon

production coordinator

Pearl Ing

production designers

Louise Lovely

production editors

Hettie Gray Baker

Katharine Hilliker

production secretary

Aili Kari

production supervisors

Elinor Glyn

Julia Crawford Ivers

June Mathis

projectionists

Georgette Méliès

Señora Spencer

May Watkis

publicists

Constance Bromley

Elsie Cohen

Mabel Condon

Dorothy Gottlieb

Leila Lewis

Beulah Livingstone

Phyllis McDonagh

Fanchon Royer

publicity managers

Mary O’Connor

publicity manager

Elsie Cohen

Leila Lewis

publishers

Ray Lewis

readers

Kate Corbaley

Dorothy Gordon

Blanche MacIntosh

Mary O’Connor

Dorothy Yost

recording artist

Alice Smythe Jay

recording engineers

Fan Xuepeng

reporter

Gertrude Price

researchers

Maude Adams

Elizabeth McGaffey

sales managers

Elsie Cohen

Marguerite Viel

sales manager

Alice Rosenthal

scenario department head

Mary O’Connor

scenario editors

Hettie Gray Baker

Ouida Bergère

Marguerite Bertsch

Beta Breuil

Kate Corbaley

Winifred Dunn

Winnifred Eaton

Lydia Hayward

Katharine Hilliker

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Sonya Levien

Frederica Sagor Maas

Mary O’Connor

Louella Parsons

Josephine Rector

Madge Tyrone

scenario writers

Hettie Gray Baker

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Marguerite Bertsch

Bertha Muzzy Bower

Beta Breuil

Constance Bromley

Adele S. Buffington

Betty Burbridge

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Mabel Condon

Dot Farley

Dorothy Farnum

Frances Flaherty

Helen Gardner

Gene Gauntier

Agnes Gavin

Elizabeth B. Grimball

Gale Henry

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Julia Crawford Ivers

Agnes Christine Johnston

Katharine Kavanaugh

Bradley King

Hope Loring

Josephine Lovett

Blanche MacIntosh

Gwladys, Marchioness of Townshend

Frances Marion

Bess Meredyth

Mary Murillo

Mae Murray

Mabel Normand

Mary O’Connor

Josephine Rector

Margaret Turnbull

Madge Tyrone

Eve Unsell

Margery Wilson

Dorothy Yost

scenarists

Clara Beranger

Marian Constance Blackton

Marie Dressler

Lydia Hayward

Maibelle Heikes Justice

Enid Lorimer

Christiane Mendelys

scholars

María Luz Morales Godoy

Mary Lawton Metcalfe

Frances Taylor Patterson

Kathleen Romoli

Stefania Zahorska

screenwriters

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

Muriel Alleyne

Dorothy Arzner

Gertrude Atherton

Leah Baird

Dorothea Baird

Hettie Gray Baker

Natalia Bakhareva

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Gemma Bellincioni

Clara Beranger

Ouida Bergère

Sarah Bernhardt

Francesca Bertini

Marguerite Bertsch

Paula Blackton

Harriet Bloch

Bertha Muzzy Bower

Madeline Brandeis

Marvin Breckinridge

Valentina Brumberg

Zinaida Brumberg

Adele S. Buffington

Betty Burbridge

Bianca Virginia Camagni

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Carmen Cartellieri

Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto

Virgínia de Castro e Almeida

Thea Červenková

Elsa Chauvel

Mrs. George Randolph Chester

Haydée Chikly

Lenore Coffee

Kate Corbaley

Sada Cowan

Grace Cunard

Renée Deliot

Beatrice deMille

Lucie Derain

Mimí Derba

Beulah Marie Dix

Gurly Drangsholt

Mrs. Sidney Drew

Lillian Ducey

Winifred Dunn

Winnifred Eaton

Nell Emerald

Esther Eng

Fabienne Fabrèges

Marion Fairfax

Dot Farley

Dorothy Farnum

Sabahat Filmer

Frances Flaherty

Gene Gauntier

Agnes Gavin

Emma Gendron

Elvira Giallanella

Angela Murray Gibson

Jenny Gilbertson

Lillian Gish

Eloyce King Patrick Gist

Elinor Glyn

Ruth Goetz

Dorothy Gordon

Alice Guy Blaché

Lydia Hayward

Margaret Hepworth

Gerda Hintze

Anna Hofman-Uddgren

Helen Holmes

Drusilla Dunjee Houston

Kate Howarde

Hu Ping

Zora Neale Hurston

Eugenie Magnus Ingleton

Julia Crawford Ivers

Ida Jenbach

Agnes Christine Johnston

Maibelle Heikes Justice

Diana Karenne

Katharine Kavanaugh

Annette Kellerman

Antonina Khanzhonkova

Bradley King

Louise Kolm-Fleck

Marion Leonard

Sonya Levien

Ray Lewis

Anita Loos

Enid Lorimer

Hope Loring

Louise Lovely

Josephine Lovett

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Lottie Lyell

Frederica Sagor Maas

Blanche MacIntosh

Mary MacLane

Jeanie Macpherson

Cleo Madison

Anna Mar

Gwladys, Marchioness of Townshend

Frances Marion

Suzanne Marwille

Sarah Y. Mason

June Mathis

Margaret Mayo

Vera McCord

Paulette McDonagh

Elizabeth McGaffey

Christiane Mendelys

Bess Meredyth

Dorothea Mitchell

Lorna Moon

Jane Murfin

Mary Murillo

Musidora

Nancy Naumburg

Alla Nazimova

Nina Niovilla

Elvira Notari

Mary O’Connor

Ruth Bryan Owen

Ida May Park

Louella Parsons

Frances Taylor Patterson

Olga Petrova

Elizabeth Chevalier Pickett

Mary Pickford

Rosa Porten

Olga Printzlau

Pu Shunqing

Ol’ga Rakhmanova

Natacha Rambova

Ángela Ramos de Rotalde

Josephine Rector

Dorothy Davenport Reid

Lotte Reiniger

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

Alma Reville

Adela Rogers St. Johns

Juliet Barrett Rublee

Lillian Case Russell

Tazuko Sakane

Maria Isabel Sánchez Concha Aramburú

Emilie Sannom

Carmen Santos

Matilde Serao

Nell Shipman

Esfir Shub

Tressie Souders

Ruth Stonehouse

Eliane Tayar

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Fay Tincher

Carmen Toscano

Wanda Tuchock

Margaret Turnbull

Florence Turner

Madge Tyrone

Eve Unsell

Caroline van Dommelen

Marguerite Viel

Katri Viita

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Thea von Harbou

Lule Warrenton

Lois Weber

Maria P. Williams

Kathlyn Williams

Elsie Jane Wilson

Margery Wilson

Marion E. Wong

Yang Naimei

Anzia Yezierska

Dorothy Yost

Marija Jurić Zagorka

screenwriting teachers

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

script assistants

María Luz Morales Godoy

script consultants

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

script editors

Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko

script girls

Marian Constance Blackton

script reader

Elizabeth McGaffey

script supervisors

Tazuko Sakane

sculptors

Sarah Bernhardt

Helena Smith Dayton

seamstress'

May Clark

Esterina Zuccarone

second assistant director

Alma Reville

secretaries

Laura Bayley

Alice Guy Blaché

Aili Kari

Mary Manning

Gladys Rosson

Gertrude Homan Thanhouser

Beatrice Maude Tildesley

Dorothy Yost

secretary-treasurers

Gladys Rosson

Maria P. Williams

set decorators

Isabel Acuña

May Clark

Alla Nazimova

Natacha Rambova

set designers

Tsuru Aoki

Frances Baker Farrell

Ruth Bryan Owen

Natacha Rambova

Lettice Ramsey

Cándida Beltrán Rendón

short story writer

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Virginia Dale

Beulah Livingstone

Christabel Lowndes-Yates

Anna Mar

singers

Muriel Alleyne

Gemma Bellincioni

Mimí Derba

Maria C. Downs

Beatriz Michelena

Anita Stewart

society matron

Jenny Strömberg

songwriter

Edna Williams

sound editors

Marguerite Viel

source authors

Gertrude Atherton

Ruth Ann Baldwin

Marguerite Bertsch

Bertha Muzzy Bower

Betty Burbridge

Elizabeth R. Carpenter

Virgínia de Castro e Almeida

Kate Corbaley

Dorothea Donn-Byrne

Gene Gauntier

Elinor Glyn

Maibelle Heikes Justice

Ray Lewis

Anita Loos

Mary MacLane

Anna Mar

Bess Meredyth

Dorothea Mitchell

Jane Murfin

Mrs. M.T. Pender

Adela Rogers St. Johns

Matilde Serao

Marie Stopes

Margaret Turnbull

Katri Viita

Gabriela von Bussenius Vega

Thea von Harbou

Anzia Yezierska

Marija Jurić Zagorka

special effects

May Clark

Lotte Reiniger

special effects designers

Fan Xuepeng

speech coaches

Margery Wilson

sports columnist

Harriette Underhill

stage managers